分析一下下面英语的语法

分析一下下面英语的语法
请首先翻译这几个句子,在帮我分析一下语法,
Tom fastened the fishing line to a stick that he plunged deep in the sand.(这里的that后接的是定语从句吗,)
2.He has discovered the power of another idea that has help him rise in just few years.He has become the youngest man ever to head fortune 500 corporation.
（第一行的that后接的是什么从句,特别是ever to head 怎么理解呢?这2句怎么翻译呢）
3.He throught it might be a good idea to get high school out of the way .（怎么翻译,尤其是out of the way）
4.He sent a personalized letter offering each couple a free two -work subscription.（这里a personalized letter ）
5.custom-made 怎么翻译
上面的问题重点是语法和翻译的意思,
本人分不多,把能够给的都给了