定语从句中“介词+which+名词”结构具体怎么用?什么情况下“介词+关系词”中的介词必须在关系词前?

定语从句中“介词+which+名词”结构具体怎么用?什么情况下“介词+关系词”中的介词必须在关系词前?
一、“介词+which+名词”结构具体怎么用?和单独用which有什么区别?
如句1-1：It rained all night and all day,during which time the ship broke in pieces.
不是说时间状语就用when=介词+which么?那我改成句1-2对否?
句1-2：It rained all night and all day,during which the ship broke in pieces.
句2-1：I called him by the wrong name,for which mistake I should apologize.
同理改成句2-2呢?I called him by the wrong name,for which I should apologize.
二、什么情况下“介词+关系词”中的介词必须在关系词前?
句3-1：She will never forget the day on which she was married.
据说句3-1中on就必须在which前,于是有结论说介词+关系词可以等同于关系副词时,介词必须在关系词前,但也见句3-2成立：
句3-2：This is small house (which) I used to live in.
于是晕了,
三、还有些关系副词可以当介宾用,这是怎么回事?如句4-1的where.它什么时候能当介宾?when能当介宾吗?
句4-1：She climbed up to the top of temple,from where she could see some things in the distance.