我们都知道not是一个否定副词,但在具体语言环境中并非一律译成"不".在此将not常见的用法做以归纳,以供大家参考.
1.not通常与be动词、助动词、情态动词连用以构成否定,常略作-n't.如果否定非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词),则置于非谓语动词之前.如:
They are not (aren't) here.
Did she see him?No,she didn't.
He warned me not to be late.
Not allowed to work,he got very
angry.
2.not用在动词think、suppose、believe、expect、hope、seem等,副词probably、perhaps等,及词组be afraid等后面,代替that引导的表示否定意义的从句.如:
-Will they come tomorrow?
-I suppose not.(=I suppose they will not come tomorrow.)
-Will it rain this afternoon?
-Probably not.(=Probably it will not rain.)
-May I come in?
-I'm afraid not.(=I'm afraid you can't.)
注:如果是肯定回答,则一般用so代替that引导的表示肯定意义的从句.
3.not与all、both、every、always、entirely等连用时可表示部分否定.如:
All is not gold that glitters.闪光的未必都是金子.
Every person cannot do it.并非每一个人都能做到这一点.
He is not always so kind to people.他并非总对人那么友好.
注:表示全部否定时,常用none、no、neither、never、 nowhere等,或者not与any、anything等连用也可表示全部否定,另外all、both、every等和带in-,un-,dis-等否定前缀的词连用时,也表示全部否定.如:
I know none of them.他们中我一个人也不认识.
I don't know any of them.我不认识他们中任何一个人.
All your answers are incorrect.你的答案都不对.
4.在主从复合句中,not一般根据需要对主句或从句进行否定.如:
He didn't say he would come.他没说他要来.
He said he wouldn't come.他说他不来了.
但表示看法的常用动词think、believe、suppose等后接宾语从句,或表示感觉的词语appear、seem、feel、feel like、look as if、sound like等后接从句时,这些从句如表示否定意义,一般将not放在主句中,这是英语的习惯用法.如:
I don't suppose that she will be back soon.我想她不会很快回来.
It doesn't seem that we can win.看来我们赢不了.
It doesn't look like rain.看来不会下雨.